Introducing the first FTTH ecosystem map in Spain

The analysis identifies 18 key players and maps 37 types of agreements across wholesale, open access, and retail models shaping Spain’s FTTH ecosystem

Spain is a global and European leader in fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) connectivity, with penetration reaching 90%. The fiber market has evolved into a highly interconnected model, where operators, wholesalers, and neutral networks establish agreements to expand coverage and optimize investments.

According to 2025 data from CNMC, Spain has 79.4 million fiber ports deployed, connecting 17.9 million homes and businesses. One of the key drivers behind this success is the development of a wholesale FTTH infrastructure market, which has led to a highly complex ecosystem.

To better understand this market evolution, we have developed the FTTH Ecosystem Relationship Map. This analysis captures the different types of agreements between stakeholders, providing a clear view of how fiber connectivity is structured across the country.

The report highlights several key dynamics:

• The coexistence of vertically integrated models, with four operators offering both wholesale and retail services, alongside eight open access platforms focused on providing infrastructure to third parties.

• The role of neutral networks in driving deployment and improving ecosystem efficiency.

• The presence of 37 relationships between market players, both unidirectional and bidirectional, structured into two main types: private agreements for access to specific ports and intra-provider agreements derived from long-term leasing or transfer contracts.

• The ability of a single operator to take on multiple roles within the ecosystem.The presence of six exclusively retail service providers maintaining relevant agreements with wholesale market players.

Download the map here.